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Industrial Chemical Process Analysis and Design.

Industrial Chemical Process Analysis and Design.
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10036447
Engineering   GUtech Library . . Available .  
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Field name Details
ISBN 9780081012338
-- 9780081010938
Author Martín, Mariano Martín
Title Industrial Chemical Process Analysis and Design.
1st ed.
Description 1 online resource (495 pages)
Contents Front Cover -- Industrial Chemical Process Analysis and Design -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Preface -- 1 The chemical industry -- 1.1 Evolution of the Chemical Industry -- 1.1.1 Prehistory -- 1.1.2 First Settlements -- 1.1.3 Alchemists -- 1.1.4 Lower Middle Ages -- 1.1.5 Middle Ages -- 1.1.6 Industrial Revolution -- 1.1.6.1 Siderurgy -- 1.1.6.2 Textile industry -- 1.1.6.3 Sulfuric acid industry -- 1.1.6.4 Sodium carbonate industry-soda processes -- 1.1.6.5 Coal gas industry -- 1.1.7 Industrial Society -- 1.1.7.1 Nitric acid industry -- 1.1.7.2 Coal gasification -- 1.1.7.3 Polymers -- 1.1.7.4 Petrochemical industry -- 1.1.8 Renewable and Nonconventional-Based Development -- 1.2 Chemical Industry in Figures -- References -- 2 Chemical processes -- 2.1 Introduction to Process Engineering -- 2.1.1 Problem Definition: Concept -- 2.1.2 Process Synthesis: Alternative Technologies -- 2.1.3 Mass and Energy Balances: Analysis of the Process -- 2.1.4 Design Criteria: Evaluating the Alternatives -- 2.2 Principles of Process Design -- 2.2.1 Douglas hierarchy (Douglas, 1988) -- 2.2.1.1 Level 1: batch versus continuous process -- 2.2.1.2 Level 2: input-output structure -- 2.2.1.3 Level 3: recycle -- 2.2.1.4 Level 4: separation structure -- 2.2.1.5 Level 5: heat recovery and integration -- Heat exchanger networks -- Multieffect columns -- 2.3 Flow Diagrams -- 2.3.1 Types -- 2.3.2 Symbols: Process Flowsheeting -- 2.4 Mass and Energy Balances Review -- 2.4.1 Equation-Based Approach -- 2.4.1.1 Mass and energy balances -- 2.4.1.2 Energy balances -- 2.4.1.3 Equilibrium relationships -- 2.4.1.3.1 Chemical equilibrium -- 2.4.1.3.2 Phase equilibrium -- Gas-liquid equilibrium -- Humidification -- Flash Calculations -- Distillation Columns -- Absorption Columns -- Gas Law -- Liquid-liquid equilibrium -- 2.4.1.4 Mass, heat, and momentum transfer.
2.4.1.5 Kinetics and reactor design -- 2.4.1.5.1 Batch reactors -- 2.4.1.5.2 Plug flow/packed bed reactors -- 2.4.1.6 Design equations for the units -- 2.4.2 Modular Simulation -- 2.5 Optimization and Process Control -- 2.6 Safe Process Design -- 2.6.1 Preliminary Hazard Review -- 2.6.2 Process Hazard Review (Preliminary Engineering) -- 2.6.3 Detailed Design Review (Basic Engineering) -- 2.7 Process Sustainability -- 2.7.1 Integrated Production-Protection Strategy -- 2.7.2 Mitigation Strategy -- 2.8 Problems -- References -- 3 Air -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.1.1 Composition -- 3.1.2 Uses -- 3.2 Air Separation -- 3.2.1 History -- 3.2.2 Classification of Air Separation Methods -- A. Physical separation -- B. Chemical separation -- 3.2.2.1 Physical separation -- 3.2.2.1.1 Cryogenic methods: air liquefaction and distillation -- Mollier diagram -- The liquefaction process -- Linde-Hampson air liquefaction cycle -- Description -- Analysis -- Claude's cycle -- Description -- Analysis -- Phillips's cycle -- Cascade cycle -- Air distillation -- Linde's Simple Column -- Simple Column With Recycle -- Linde's Double Column -- Storage -- 3.2.2.1.2 Noncryogenic air separation -- 3.2.2.2 Chemical separation -- 3.3 Atmospheric pollution -- 3.4 Humid air -- 3.5 Problems -- References -- 4 Water -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Seawater as Raw Material -- 4.2.1 Water Salinity -- 4.2.2 Seawater Desalination -- 4.2.2.1 Technologies based on water separation -- 4.2.2.1.1 Evaporation -- Evaporator design -- Single-Effect Evaporators -- Multieffect Evaporators -- 4.2.2.1.2 Freezing -- 4.2.2.1.3 Hydrate production -- 4.2.2.1.4 Extraction using solvents -- 4.2.2.1.5 Reverse osmosis -- Separation factors -- Membrane characteristics -- Types of membranes by materials -- Membrane configurations -- Operation of the membrane modules -- 4.2.2.2 Technologies based on the separation of salts.
4.2.2.2.1 Electrodialysis -- 4.2.2.2.2 Ion exchange -- 4.2.2.2.3 Chemical depuration -- 4.2.3 Water Electrolysis -- 4.2.3.1 Commercial electrolyzers -- 4.2.3.2 Fuel cells -- 4.2.4 Thermochemical Cycles for Water Splitting -- 4.2.4.1 Family of the halides -- 4.2.4.2 Family of the oxides -- 4.2.4.3 Family of sulfur -- 4.2.4.4 Hybrid cycles -- 4.2.5 Sodium Chloride Industry -- 4.2.5.1 Production and use of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) -- 4.2.5.1.1 Production via Leblanc's process -- 4.2.5.1.2 Production via Solvay's process (ammonia soda process) -- Chemical history of the process -- Flowsheet -- 4.2.5.1.3 Usage of soda ash -- 4.2.5.2 Electrochemical decomposition of melted NaCl -- 4.2.5.3 Electrolytic decomposition of NaCl in solution -- 4.2.5.4 Production of HCl from NaCl (Mannheim process) -- 4.2.5.5 Production of lime from calcium carbonate -- 4.3 Water-Energy Nexus -- 4.4 Problems -- References -- 5 Syngas -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.1.1 Coal -- 5.1.2 Natural Gas -- 5.1.3 Crude Oil -- 5.2 Stage I: Syngas Production -- 5.2.1 Hydrogen and H2:CO Mixture Production -- 5.2.1.1 Gas generator-water gas method -- 5.2.1.1.1 Partial oxidation (gas generator) -- 5.2.1.1.2 Steam processing (water gas) -- 5.2.1.2 Coal distillation -- 5.2.1.3 Gasification -- 5.2.1.4 Thermal decomposition/partial oxidation -- 5.2.1.5 Steam reforming of hydrocarbons -- 5.2.1.6 Dry reforming and autoreforming -- 5.2.2 Nitrogen Production -- 5.3 Stage II: Gas Purification -- 5.3.1 Ammonia Production (Syngas N2+H2) -- 5.3.2 Synthesis of ft type of fuels (Syngas CO+H2) -- 5.3.2.1 Sour gas removal -- 5.3.2.1.1 Alkali solutions -- 5.3.2.1.2 Physical absorption -- 5.3.2.1.3 Pressure swing adsorption (PSA) -- 5.3.2.1.4 Membrane separation -- 5.3.2.1.5 Cryogenic separation -- 5.3.2.1.6 Mineral storage and capture -- 5.3.2.2 Removal of H2S -- 5.3.2.3 Removal of CO (ammonia synthesis).
5.3.2.4 Water removal (ammonia synthesis) -- 5.3.2.5 Removal of carbon oxides: methanation (ammonia synthesis) -- 5.4 Stage III: Synthesis -- 5.4.1 Ammonia -- 5.4.1.1 Introduction -- 5.4.1.2 Stage III reaction (H2+N2) -- 5.4.1.2.1 Thermodynamics of the reaction -- 5.4.1.2.2 Reaction kinetics -- 5.4.1.2.3 Converter design -- Multibed designs -- Tube converters -- 5.4.1.2.4 Production processes -- Kellogg process (medium pressure) -- Haber-Bosch process (medium pressure) -- Claude's process (high pressure) -- Uhde's process -- Fauser process (old process) -- Texaco process -- Gasification -- Casale process -- Gas generator/water gas process -- Haldor-Topsoe process -- 5.4.2 Fischer-Tropsch Technology for Fuel and Hydrocarbon Production -- 5.4.2.1 Introduction -- 5.4.2.2 Methanol production -- 5.4.2.2.1 Mechanisms -- 5.4.2.2.2 Equilibrium -- 5.4.2.2.3 Kinetics of methanol production -- 5.4.2.2.4 Reactor design -- 5.4.2.2.5 Production process -- 5.4.2.3 Syngas reaction to Fischer-Tropsch liquids -- 5.4.2.3.1 Mechanisms -- 5.4.2.3.2 Reactor types -- 5.4.2.3.3 Syngas production and synthesis -- 5.4.2.3.4 Product distribution -- 5.4.2.3.5 Product upgrading and refinery processes -- 5.4.2.4 Use of CO2 to chemicals -- 5.4.2.5 Methanol to gasoline (MTG) -- 5.5 Problems -- References -- 6 Nitric acid -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Production Processes -- 6.2.1 From Nitrates -- 6.2.2 Air as Raw Material -- 6.2.3 Ammonia-Based Processes -- 6.2.3.1 Process description -- 6.2.3.2 Process analysis -- 6.2.3.2.1 Ammonia oxidation -- Reaction and equilibrium -- Factors that affect catalyst losses -- Explosion limit for ammonia-oxygen mixtures -- Reaction kinetics and mechanism -- 6.2.3.2.2 NO oxidation to NO2 -- 6.2.3.2.3 Nitrogen peroxide equilibrium -- 6.2.3.2.4 Absorption of NOx -- 6.3 Emission Control and Building Issues -- 6.4 Problems -- References -- 7 Sulfuric acid.
7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Pyrite Roasting -- 7.3 Sulfuric Acid Production -- 7.3.1 Lead Chamber Process: Homogeneous Catalyst -- 7.3.2 Intensive Method -- 7.3.3 Contact Method: Heterogeneous Catalysis -- 7.3.3.1 History -- 7.3.3.2 Process description -- 7.3.3.2.1 Sulfur combustion -- 7.3.3.2.2 Catalytic oxidation of SO2 -- 7.3.3.2.3 SO3 hydration -- 7.3.3.2.4 Selenium removal -- 7.3.3.2.5 Oleum production -- 7.3.3.2.6 Secondary products -- 7.3.3.2.7 Heat integration -- 7.3.3.2.8 Construction materials -- 7.3.3.2.9 Emissions -- 7.3.3.3 Process analysis -- 7.3.3.3.1 Oxidation thermodynamics -- 7.3.3.3.2 Oxidation kinetics -- 7.3.3.3.3 SO3 absorption -- 7.3.3.3.4 Mixing tanks: heat of solution -- 7.4 Problems -- References -- 8 Biomass -- 8.1 Biomass Types and Preprocessing -- 8.1.1 Grain -- 8.1.2 Lignocellulosic Biomass -- 8.1.2.1 Biooil production -- 8.1.2.2 Syngas production -- 8.1.2.3 Sugar production -- 8.1.2.3.1 Physicochemical processes -- 8.1.2.3.2 Chemical pretreatment -- 8.1.2.3.3 Enzymatic pretreatment -- 8.1.2.4 Paper production -- 8.1.3 Seeds -- 8.1.4 Algae -- 8.1.5 Natural Rubber -- 8.1.5.1 Historical perspective -- 8.1.5.2 Polymerization processes -- 8.2 Intermediate Processing -- 8.2.1 Sugars -- 8.2.1.1 Bioethanol -- 8.2.1.2 Biodiesel -- 8.2.1.3 Ibutene -- 8.2.1.4 Furans -- 8.2.1.5 Butanol -- 8.2.1.6 Penicillin -- 8.2.2 Syngas -- 8.2.3 Oil -- 8.2.4 Biogas -- 8.2.4.1 Process description -- 8.2.4.2 Process analysis -- 8.2.4.2.1 Kinetics -- 8.2.4.2.2 Gas composition -- 8.3 Product Purification -- 8.3.1 Ethanol Dehydation -- 8.3.2 Hydrocarbon and Alcohol Mixture Separation -- 8.3.3 Alcohol Recovery: Biodiesel -- 8.3.4 Penicillin Purification -- 8.4 Thermodynamic Cycles -- 8.4.1 Rankine Cycle -- 8.4.2 Brayton Cycle -- 8.5 Problems -- References -- Appendix A: General nomenclature -- Appendix B: Thermodynamic data -- B.1 Thermochemistry.
B.2 Antoine Correlation and Phase Change.
Subject Chemical processes
Other Author Electronic books.
Other name(s) Martín, Mariano Martín
Ebook Link https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gutech-ebooks/detail.action?docID=4586016
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