| 020 | $a9780821378250 |
| 020 | $a9780821376454 |
| 100 | $aXie, Jian. |
| 245 | $aAddressing China's Water Scarcity$bA Synthesis of Recommendations for Selected Water Resource Management Issues. |
| 300 | $a1 online resource (198 pages) |
| 505 | $aTable of Contents -- FOREWORD -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- ABBREVIATIONS -- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY -- 1 Introduction -- Background -- Objectives and Scope -- Conceptual Framework and Approach -- Outline of the Report -- 2 Water Scarcity in China: Current Situation -- Spatial and Temporal Disparities -- Water Pollution -- Environmental and Social Impacts and Economic Loss -- External Driving Forces of Water Problems -- 3 Water Resources Management in China: An Overview of Determinant Variables -- Technical Solutions Are Available and Economically Feasible -- Government Commitments, Plans, and Implementation -- Excessive Fragmentation of the Water Management System -- Policy Failures in Water Management -- Summary -- 4 Improving Water Governance -- The Concept of Water Governance -- The Legal Environment for Water Management -- Institutional Arrangements for Water Resource Management -- Transparency and Information Disclosure -- Public Participation in Water Management -- Summary -- 5 Deepening Water Rights Administration and Developing Water Markets -- Theory of Water Rights and International Practice -- Development of Water Rights in China -- Water Rights Reform in China: Case Studies and Project Insights -- Basics of Water Market and Trading -- International Experience with Water Markets -- Emerging Experience of Water Trading in China: Case Studies -- Challenges and Lessons for China -- Recommendations -- 6 Improving Efficiency and Equity in Water Pricing -- Water Pricing in China: Policy and Practice -- Pricing for Environment and Depletion -- Social Impact and Affordability -- Protecting the Poor -- Other Implementation Issues -- Recommendations -- 7 Protecting Ecosystems in River Basins through Market-Oriented Eco-Compensation Instruments -- Ecological Compensation Mechanisms in China -- Concept and Methodology of Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES). |
| 505 | $aThe Growing International Experience with PES Systems -- Potential Use of PES in China -- Recommendations -- 8 Controlling Water Pollution -- Seriousness of Water Pollution -- Causes of Pollution and Key Challenges for Pollution Control -- International Experience -- Emerging Institutional and Policy Issues -- Recommendations -- 9 Preventing Water Pollution Disasters -- Water Pollution Incidents in China -- Concept and Framework for Pollution Emergency Prevention and Response -- International Experience -- Environmental Emergency Prevention and Response in China -- Recommendations -- 10 Summary, Action Plan, and Issues for the Future -- Summary -- Action Plan -- Issues for the Future -- Concluding Remarks -- APPENDIX: BACKGROUND PAPERS TO THIS REPORT -- REFERENCES -- INDEX -- BOX 1.1 The World Bank's Analytical and Advisory Assistance Program-"Addressing China's Water Scarcity: From Analysis to Action" -- BOX 1.2 Recent Water Resource Management Studies at the World Bank -- BOX 2.1 Water Crisis in Wuxi in 2007 -- BOX 3.1 China's 11th FYP for Water Resources Development -- BOX 3.2 Case Study: Evaluating the Implementation of the Water Pollution Prevention and Control Plans for the Huai River Basin -- BOX 3.3 River Basin Agencies in France -- BOX 3.4 Planning Scarce Water Resources Using Evapotranspiration (ET) Quotas -- BOX 3.5 Distorted Economic Incentive for Pollution Discharge -- BOX 4.1 The U.S. Experience in Promoting Law Enforcement -- BOX 4.2 River Basin Management Legislation in the United States: the Case of the Susquehanna River Basin -- BOX 4.3 Three Models of Water Resource Institutions in Europe -- BOX 4.4 The EU Water Framework Directive -- BOX 4.5 Integrated River Basin Management -- BOX 4.6 EU Directive on the Freedom of Access to Information on the Environment -- BOX 5.1 Water Rights in New Mexico. |
| 505 | $aBOX 5.2 From Formal Rights to Contracts and Claims -- BOX 5.3 Water Allocation Priorities in the Middle East: the Case of Israel -- BOX 5.4 Registering and Monitoring Users: International Comparisons with Groundwater Management -- BOX 5.5 Determining and Defining Environmental Flows -- BOX 5.6 From River to Farm: Water Rights and Allocation in Inner Mongolia Water Resources Allocation Plan for the Yellow River -- BOX 5.7 Defining and Allocating Consumptive Water Rights in the Hai Basin -- BOX 5.8 The Colorado-Big Thompson (C-BT) Project -- BOX 5.9 Idaho Water Supply Bank -- BOX 5.10 Water Markets in the Murray Darling Basin, Australia -- BOX 5.11 Channel Lining and Water Transfer: Experience from Hangjin Irrigation District, Inner Mongolia -- BOX 5.12 Defining, Allocating, and Trading Rights in the Heihe Basin -- BOX 6.1 The Marginal User Cost of Water in the Hai River Basin -- BOX 6.2 Making Price Increases Acceptable: the Case of Chongqing -- BOX 7.1 Additional Examples of Payments for Ecological and Environmental Services (PES) -- BOX 8.1 Implementation of Water Pollution Control Plans for the Huai River Basin -- BOX 8.2 Public Participation and Compliance with Environmental Standards: the Case of Japan -- BOX 9.1 Water Pollution Incident in the Songhua River -- BOX 9.2 The Sandoz Chemical Spill in Switzerland and Extending down the Rhine -- BOX 9.3 Examples of National Legislative Systems -- BOX 9.4 The Buncefield Incident, U.K. -- FIGURE 1.1 Water Resource Management -- FIGURE 2.1 Spatial Distribution of Annual per Capita Water Resources in China -- FIGURE 2.2 Industrial Wastewater Discharge, 1995-2005 -- FIGURE 2.3 Industrial COD Discharge, 1995-2005 -- FIGURE 2.4 Trends in Water Quality at Monitored River Sections in China, 1991-2005 -- FIGURE 2.5 Trends in Water Quality Changes at Monitored River Sections in North and South China, 1991-2005. |
| 505 | $aFIGURE 2.6 Surface Water Quality, 2000 and 2004 -- FIGURE 2.7 Groundwater Depletion by Province -- FIGURE 2.8 Polluted Water Supplies in China -- FIGURE 2.9 Rural Households with No Access to Piped Water and Diarrhea Incidence -- FIGURE 2.10 Mortality Rate for Cancer Associated with Water Pollution in China, 2003 -- FIGURE 3.1 Ministries and Authorities Involved in Water Resource Management -- FIGURE 3.2 MEP and MWR Water Quality Data for Huai River, 1998-2004 -- FIGURE 3.3 Integrated Economic Values of Water and Water Withdrawals in the Primary, Industrial, and Service Sectors in Eight Regions -- FIGURE 6.1 Municipal Water Tariffs and Wastewater Charges by City -- FIGURE 6.2 Share of Water and Wastewater Services Expenses for Average and Low-Income Households -- FIGURE 7.1 Main Ecological and Environmental Services by Type of Service -- FIGURE 7.2 The Simple Economics of Payments for Environmental Services -- FIGURE 7.3 The Flow of Compensation from Beneficiaries to Land Users in a PES System -- FIGURE 8.1 Water Quality in Chinese Rivers, 1991-2006 -- FIGURE 8.2 Percentage of Sections with Water Quality Grade IV to Grade V+, 2001 and 2005 -- FIGURE 8.3 Provincial Sewage Treatment Investments in Yellow River Watershed -- FIGURE 8.4 Centralized Sewage Treatment Rates and per Capita GDP in 14 Provinces in Northern China, 2003 -- FIGURE 8.5 Centralized Sewage Treatment Rates by City Size in 2003 -- FIGURE 9.1 Common Elements of an Emergency Response System -- TABLE 2.1 Spatial Distribution of China's Water Resources and Other Social Variables -- TABLE 2.2 Wastewater and Pollutant Discharges, 2000-05 -- TABLE 2.3 Current Trophic Level of Lakes and Reservoirs in China -- TABLE 2.4 Water Supply and Renewable Water Resources in China, 2005 -- TABLE 2.5 Projected Water Demand. |
| 505 | $aTABLE 3.1 Performance in Meeting the 10th FYPEP Targets for Water Pollution Control -- TABLE 3.2 Wastewater Treatment Cost for Major Industrial and Domestic Sectors -- TABLE 3.3 Virtual Water Content of Selected Products -- TABLE 3.4 Urban Fixed-Asset Investment during the 9th and 10th Five-Year Period -- TABLE 6.1 Water Tariffs in Beijing, 1981-2007 -- TABLE 7.1 Summary of EES, Service Providers, and Service Beneficiaries in the Lashihai Case Study, China -- TABLE 7.2 Suggested Increase in Lijiang Old Town Visitors' Fee to Fund PES Scheme -- TABLE 7.3 Suggested Entrance Fees to Lashihai Nature Reserve to Fund PES Scheme -- TABLE 8.1 Planned Water-Related Investment Shares between the Central Government and Local Sources in Wei River Basin -- TABLE 8.2 Water Quality of Qixinghe Natural Reserve, 2007 -- TABLE 10.1 Recommended Action Plan. |
| 650 | $aWater resources development -- China. |
| 650 | $aWater-supply -- China. |
| 655 | $aElectronic books. |
| 856 | $uFind Ebook Central in MyGUtech |
