| ISBN |
9780080982267 |
| -- 9780080982205 |
| Author |
King, Matt |
| Title |
Sulfuric Acid Manufacture : : Analysis, Control and Optimization. |
| 2nd ed. |
| Description |
1 online resource (528 pages) |
| Contents |
Front Cover -- Sulfuric Acid Manufacture: Analysis, Control, and Optimization -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1: Overview -- 1.1. Catalytic oxidation of SO2 to SO3 -- 1.1.1. Catalyst -- 1.1.2. Feed gas drying -- 1.2. H2SO4 production -- 1.3. Industrial flowsheet -- 1.4. Sulfur burning -- 1.5. Metallurgical offgas -- 1.6. Spent acid regeneration -- 1.7. Sulfuric acid product -- 1.8. Recent developments -- 1.9. Alternative processes -- 1.9.1. Wet gas sulfuric acid -- 1.9.2. Sulfacid® -- 1.10. Summary -- References -- Suggested reading -- Chapter 2: Production and consumption -- 2.1. Uses -- 2.2. Acid plant locations -- 2.3. Price -- 2.4. Summary -- References -- Suggested reading -- Chapter 3: Sulfur burning -- 3.1. Objectives -- 3.2. Sulfur -- 3.2.1. Viscosity -- 3.3. Molten sulfur delivery -- 3.3.1. Sulfur pumps and pipes -- 3.4. Sulfur atomizers and sulfur burning furnaces -- 3.4.1. Sulfur atomizers -- 3.4.2. Dried air supply -- 3.4.3. Main blower -- 3.4.4. Furnace -- 3.5. Product gas -- 3.5.1. Gas destination -- 3.5.2. Composition and temperature control -- 3.5.3. Target gas composition -- 3.5.4. Target gas temperature -- 3.6. Heat recovery boiler -- 3.7. Summary -- References -- Suggested reading -- Chapter 4: Metallurgical offgas cooling and cleaning -- 4.1. Initial and final SO2 concentrations -- 4.2. Initial and final dust concentrations -- 4.3. Offgas cooling and heat recovery -- 4.4. Electrostatic collection of dust -- 4.5. Water scrubbing (Tables4.5 and 4.6) -- 4.5.1. Gas temperature after scrubbing -- 4.5.2. Impure scrubbing liquid -- 4.5.3. Mercury removal (Outotec, 2011 -- Schlesinger et al., 2011) -- 4.5.4. Fluorine removal -- 4.6. H2O(g) removal from scrubber exit gas (Tables4.5 and 4.6) -- 4.7. Summary -- References -- Suggested reading -- Chapter 5: Regeneration of spent sulfuric acid -- 5.1. Spent acid compositions. |
| 5.2. Spent acid handling -- 5.3. Decomposition -- 5.3.1. Other reactions -- 5.3.2. Spent acid spraying -- 5.4. Decomposition furnace product -- 5.5. Optimum decomposition furnace operating conditions -- 5.5.1. Temperature effects -- 5.5.2. O2 content effects -- 5.6. Preparation of offgas for SO2 oxidation and H2SO4 making -- 5.6.1. Gas composition -- 5.7. Summary -- References -- Suggested Reading -- Chapter 6: Dehydrating air and gases with strong sulfuric acid -- 6.1. Chapter objectives -- 6.1.1. H2O(g) before gas dehydration -- 6.2. Dehydration with strong sulfuric acid -- 6.2.1. H2O(g) concentration after gas dehydration -- 6.2.2. Choice of dehydration acid strength -- 6.3. Dehydration reaction mechanism -- 6.3.1. Maximizing dehydration rate -- 6.4. Residence times -- 6.5. Recent advances -- 6.6. Summary -- References -- Chapter 7: Catalytic oxidation of SO2 to SO3* -- 7.1. Objectives -- 7.2. Industrial SO2 oxidation -- 7.2.1. Source of O2 -- 7.3. Catalyst necessity -- 7.3.1. Temperature effect -- 7.4. SO2 oxidation ``heatup´´ path (Chapter 11) -- 7.5. Industrial multicatalyst bed SO2 oxidation (Tables 7.2-7.7) -- 7.5.1. Overall multicatalyst bed results -- 7.5.2. Double contact acidmaking -- 7.6. Industrial operation (Table7.2) -- 7.6.1. Startup -- 7.6.2. Steady operation -- 7.6.3. Control -- 7.6.4. Shutdown -- 7.7. Recent advances -- 7.8. Summary -- References -- Chapter 8: SO2 oxidation catalyst and catalyst beds -- 8.1. Catalytic reactions -- 8.1.1. Maximizing catalyst activity -- 8.1.2. Deactivation and reactivation -- 8.2. Maximum and minimum catalyst operating temperatures -- 8.3. Composition and manufacture -- 8.3.1. Manufacture -- 8.3.2. Price -- 8.3.3. Installation and plant startup -- 8.3.4. Chemical change and melting -- 8.4. Choice of size and shape -- 8.5. Catalyst bed thickness and diameter -- 8.5.1. Bed thicknesses. |
| 8.5.2. Bed diameters -- 8.6. Gas residence times -- 8.7. Catalyst bed temperatures -- 8.8. Catalyst bed maintenance -- 8.9. Summary -- References -- Suggested reading -- Chapter 9: Production of H2SO4(ℓ) from SO3(g) -- 9.1. Objectives -- 9.2. Sulfuric acid rather than water -- 9.3. Absorption reaction mechanism -- 9.4. Industrial H2SO4 making (Tables9.3-9.8) -- 9.4.1. Residence times -- 9.4.2. Acid mist -- 9.5. Choice of input and output acid compositions -- 9.6. Acid temperature -- 9.6.1. Acid temperature control -- 9.7. Gas temperatures -- 9.8. Operation and control -- 9.8.1. Startup and shutdown -- 9.8.2. Steady operation and control -- 9.9. Double contact H2SO4 making (Tables 19.3 and 23.2) -- 9.9.1. Double contact advantages -- 9.10. Intermediate versus final H2SO4 making -- 9.11. Summary -- References -- Suggested reading -- Break -- Chapter 10: Oxidation of SO2 to SO3-Equilibrium curves -- 10.1. Catalytic oxidation -- 10.1.1. % SO2 oxidized defined -- 10.2. Equilibrium equation -- 10.3. KE as a function of temperature -- 10.4. KE in terms of % SO2 oxidized -- 10.5. Equilibrium % SO2 oxidized as a function of temperature -- 10.5.1. Equilibrium pressure effect -- 10.5.2. O2 in feed gas effect -- 10.5.3. SO2 in feed gas effect -- 10.6. Discussion -- 10.7. Summary -- 10.8. Problems -- Reference -- Chapter 11: SO2 oxidation heatup paths -- 11.1. Heatup paths -- 11.2. Objectives -- 11.3. Preparing a heatup path-The first point -- 11.4. Assumptions -- 11.5. A specific example -- 11.6. Calculation strategy -- 11.7. Input SO2, O2, and N2 quantities -- 11.8. Sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen molar balances -- 11.8.1. Sulfur balance -- 11.8.2. Oxygen molar balance -- 11.8.3. Nitrogen molar balance -- 11.9. Enthalpy balance -- 11.9.1. Numerical enthalpy values -- 11.10. Calculating level L quantities -- 11.11. Matrix calculation. |
| 11.12. Preparing a heatup path -- 11.12.1. Enthalpy equations in cells -- 11.12.2. The heatup path -- 11.13. Feed gas SO2 strength effect -- 11.13.1. SO2 strength summary -- 11.14. Feed gas temperature effect -- 11.15. Significance of heatup path position and slope -- 11.16. Summary -- 11.17. Problems -- Chapter 12: Maximum SO2 oxidation: Heatup path-equilibrium curve intercepts -- 12.1. Initial specifications -- 12.2. % SO2 oxidized-temperature points near an intercept -- 12.3. Discussion -- 12.4. Effect of feed gas temperature on intercept -- 12.5. Inadequate % SO2 oxidized in first catalyst bed -- 12.6. Effect of feed gas SO2 strength on intercept -- 12.7. Minor influence-Equilibrium gas pressure -- 12.8. Minor influence-O2 strength in feed gas -- 12.9. Minor influence-CO2 in feed gas1 -- 12.10. Catalyst degradation, SO2 strength, and feed gas temperature -- 12.10.1. Two catalyst layers -- 12.11. Maximum feed gas SO2 strength -- 12.12. Exit gas compositionintercept gas composition -- 12.13. Summary -- 12.14. Problems -- Chapter 13: Cooling first catalyst bed exit gas -- 13.1. First catalyst bed summary -- 13.1.1. Inefficient SO2 oxidation explained -- 13.2. Cooldown path -- 13.2.1. Second catalyst bed gas input temperature -- 13.2.2. Industrial gas cooling (Chapter 21) -- 13.3. Gas composition below equilibrium curve -- 13.4. Summary -- 13.5. Problem -- Hints -- Chapter 14: Second catalyst bed heatup path -- 14.1. Objectives -- 14.2. % SO2 oxidized redefined -- 14.3. Second catalyst bed heatup path -- 14.3.1. A heatup path point -- 14.3.2. Second catalyst bed difference -- 14.4. A specific heatup path question -- 14.5. Second catalyst bed input gas quantities -- 14.5.1. Input SO3, SO2, O2, and N2 equations -- 14.6. S, O, and N molar balances -- 14.7. Enthalpy balance -- 14.8. Calculating 760K (level L) quantities. |
| 14.9. Matrix calculation and result -- 14.10. Preparing a heatup path -- 14.11. Discussion -- 14.12. Summary -- 14.13. Problem -- Hints -- Chapter 15: Maximum SO2 oxidation in a second catalyst bed -- 15.1. Second catalyst bed equilibrium curve equation -- 15.1.1. Proof of second catalyst bed applicability -- 15.2. Second catalyst bed intercept calculation -- 15.2.1. Intercept -- 15.2.2. Intercept gas composition -- 15.3. Two bed SO2 oxidation efficiency -- 15.4. Summary -- 15.5. Problems -- Hints -- Chapter 16: Third catalyst bed SO2 oxidation -- 16.1. 2-3 Cooldown path -- 16.2. Heatup path -- 16.3. Heatup path-equilibrium curve intercept -- 16.4. Graphical representation -- 16.5. Summary -- 16.6. Problems -- Hints -- Chapter 17: SO3 and CO2 in feed gas -- 17.1. SO3 -- 17.1.1. SO3 effect on equilibrium curve equation -- 17.1.2. Effect of SO3 on heatup path matrix -- 17.1.3. SO2 input equation changed by SO3 -- 17.1.4. Balances changed by SO3 -- 17.1.5. Effect of SO3 on heatup path-equilibrium curve intercepts -- 17.2. SO3 effects -- 17.3. CO2 -- 17.3.1. CO2 effect on heatup path matrix -- 17.4. CO2 effects -- 17.5. Summary -- 17.6. Problems -- Chapter 18: Three catalyst bed acid plant -- 18.1. Calculation specifications -- 18.2. Example calculation -- 18.3. Calculation results -- 18.4. Three catalyst bed graphs -- 18.4.1. Straight heatup paths -- 18.4.2. SO2 oxidation efficiency -- 18.5. Minor effect-SO3 in feed gas -- 18.5.1. Effect of SO3 on intercept % SO2 oxidized -- 18.6. Minor effect-CO2 in feed gas -- 18.7. Minor effect-Bed pressure -- 18.7.1. Validity of constant pressure specification -- 18.8. Minor effect-SO2 strength in feed gas -- 18.9. Minor effect-O2 strength in feed gas -- 18.10. Summary of minor effects -- 18.11. Major effect-Catalyst bed input gas temperatures -- 18.12. Discussion of book's assumptions. |
| 18.12.1. Steady-state assumption. |
| Subject |
Sulfuric acid |
| Other Author |
Electronic books. |
| Other name(s) |
Moats, Michael |
| Davenport, William G. |
| King, Matt |
| Moats, Michael |
| Davenport, William G. |
| King, Matt |
| Moats, Michael |
| Davenport, William G. |
| Ebook Link |
https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gutech-ebooks/detail.action?docID=1192231 |
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